Avaliação qualitativa das preparações servidas em um restaurante popular e os impactos do cenário pandêmico da covid-19 / Qualitative assessment of preparations served in a popular restaurant and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario / Evaluación cualitativa de las preparaciones servidas en un restaurante popular y los impactos del escenario de pandemia COVID-19

Introdução:A chegadadapandemia da COVID-19 afetou diretamente o planejamento alimentar de instituições municipais, estaduais e de demais âmbitos, dentre eles as refeiçõesofertadas peloprograma restaurante popular, importante na garantia da segurança alimentarda população mais vulnerável.Objetivo:Avaliar de forma qualitativa as preparações do cardápio do almoço do Restaurante Popular do município de Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Nortee os impactos do cenário pandêmico da COVID-19.Metodologia:Para tanto, avaliou-se os cardápios referentes aos meses de março, abril, maio, agosto e setembro de 2021, pelo método avaliação qualitativa das preparações do cardápio. Além disso, por meio da adaptação dométodosupracitado, designou-se as preparações de acordo com as recomendações do tipo de processamento segundo o Guia Alimentar para população Brasileira. Resultados:Identificou-se uma baixa oferta de frutas e folhosos, alta de carnes gordurosas e doce, regular de preparações ricas em enxofre e as cores iguais, todavia, quanto à fritura e ao conjunto de fritura + doce apresentou-se em apenas umdiada semana (n=109). Além disso, nos dois últimos meses de análisehouve aumento na oferta de folhosos, diminuição da monotonia, alimentos ricos em enxofre e doces, e ainda, as preparações com alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados + processados fizeram-se presentestodos os dias. Conclusões:Com a utilizaçãodométodo estudadofoipossível identificar ajustesno cardápiopara o período analisado, a fim de ofertar qualidade para os comensais.Ressalta-se que foi observadoque com a adaptação e redução dos casos da COVID-19, houve aumento na oferta de in natura e minimamente processados. Espera-se que melhorias e ajustes sejam realizadosnos cardápios, visto a necessidadede ser mais enfático em seu princípiode garantir a segurança alimentar (AU).

Introduction:The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic affected directly the food planning of municipal, state and other institutions, including the meals offered by the popular restaurant program, which is important in guaranteeing the food security of the vulnerablepopulation. Objective: To qualitatively evaluate the preparations of the lunch menu at Restaurante Popular in the municipality of Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Norteand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario.Methodology:To this, the menus for the months of March, April, May, August and September 2021 were evaluated by the methodqualitative evaluation of menu preparations. Furthermore, through the adaptation of the methodaformentioned, preparations were designated according to the recommendations for type of processing following the Food Guide for the Brazilian population.Results:A low supply of fruits and leafy vegetables was identified, high supply of fatty and sweet meats, regular supply of preparations rich in sulfur and the same colors. However, regarding the frying and the frying + sweet combination, it was presented in just one daythe week(n=109).Moreover, in the last two months of analysis there was an increase in the supply of hardwoods, decrease in monotony,foods rich in sulfur and sweets, and even, preparations in natura or minimally processed + processed foods were presentsevery day. Conclusions:With the use of the method studied it waspossible to adjust the menufor the analyzed periodto offer qualityto diners. It should the increase in the supply of in natura and minimally processed foods stands out with the adaptation and progression of the reduction of COVID-19cases.It is expected that improvements and adjustments will be madethe menus,given the need to be more emphatic in its principleof ensuring food safety (AU).

ntroducción: La llegada de la pandemia del COVID-19 afectó directamente la planificación alimentaria de las instituciones municipales, estatales y otras, incluyendo las comidas que ofrece el programa de restaurantes populares, importante para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de la población más vulnerable. Objetivo:Evaluar cualitativamente las preparaciones del menú del almuerzo en el Restaurante Popular del municipio de Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Nortey los impactos del escenario de pandemia del COVID-19.Metodología:Para ello, se evaluaron los menús de los meses de marzo, abril, mayo, agosto y septiembre de 2021 por el método evaluación cualitativa de la elaboración de menús. Además, al adaptar el métodocitado, las preparaciones fueron designadas de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del tipo de procesamiento según la Guía de Alimentos para la población brasileña.Resultados: Se identificó una baja oferta de frutas y hortalizas de hoja, alta oferta de carnes grasas y dulces, regular oferta de preparaciones ricasen azufre y los mismos colores,aún,en cuanto a la fritura y la combinación fritura + dulce, se presentó en un solo díade lasemana(n=109). Además, en los últimos dos meses de análisishubo un aumento en la oferta de maderas duras, una disminución de la monotonía, alimentos ricos en azufre y dulces, y aun, las preparaciones con alimentos in natura o mínimamente procesados + procesados presentes todos los días. Conclusiones: Con el uso del método estudió fueposible identificar ajustes en el menúpara el período analizado, con el fin de ofrecer calidad a los comensales. Cabe señalar que se observó que con la adaptación y reducción delcasosCOVID-19, hubo un aumento en la oferta de productos in natura y mínimamente procesados. Se espera que se realicenmejoras y ajustesa los menús, dada las necesidades más enfáticasen su principiode garantizar la seguridad alimentaria (AU).

Association between being underweight and excess body weight before SARS coronavirus type 2 infection and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019: Multicenter study.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to identify associations between extremes in body weight status (underweight and excess body weight) before a COVID-19 diagnosis and clinical outcomes in patients infected with SARS coronavirus type 2. METHODS: A multicenter cohort study was conducted in eight different states in northeastern Brazil. Demographic, clinical (previous diagnosis of comorbidities), and anthropometric (self-reported weight and height) data about individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 were collected. Outcomes included hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and death. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted based on age, sex and previous comorbidities, were used to assess the effects of extremes in body weight status on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1308 individuals were assessed (33.6% were elderly individuals). The univariable analyses showed that only hospitalization was more often observed among underweight (3.2% versus 1.2%) and overweight (68.1% versus 63.3%) individuals. In turn, cardiovascular diseases were more often observed in all clinical outcomes (hospitalization: 19.7% versus 4.8%; mechanical ventilation: 19.9% versus 13.5%; death: 21.8% versus 14.1%). Based on the multivariable analysis, body weight status was not associated with risk of hospitalization (underweight: odds ratio [OR]: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 95%, 0.50-2.41 and excess body weight: OR: 0.81; 95 CI, 0.57-1.14), mechanical ventilation (underweight: OR: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.52-1.62 and excess weight: OR: 0.90; 95% CI, 0.67-1.19), and death (underweight: OR: 0.61; 95% CI, 0.31-1.20 and excess body weight: OR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.63-1.23). CONCLUSIONS: Being underweight and excess body weight were not independently associated with clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in the herein analyzed cohort. This finding indicates that the association between these variables may be confounded by both age and comorbidities.

Effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin E on the concentration of α-tocopherol in colostrum / Efeito da suplementação materna com vitamina E sobre a concentração de α-tocopherolol no colostro

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin E on the concentration of α-tocopherol in colostrum and its supply to the newborn. Method: This randomized clinical trial enrolled 99 healthy adult pregnant women; of these, 39 were assigned to the control group and 60 to the supplemented group. After an overnight fast, 5 mL of blood and 2 mL of colostrum were collected. After the first sampling (0 h milk), the supplemented group received 400 IU of supplementary vitamin E. Another 2 mL milk aliquot was collected in both groups 24 h after supplementation (24 h milk). The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The α-tocopherol content provided by colostrum was calculated by considering a daily intake of 396 mL of milk and comparing the resulting value to the recommended daily intake for infants aged 0-6 months (4 mg/day). Results: The initial mean concentration of α-tocopherol in colostrum was 1509.3 ± 793.7 µg/dL in the control group and 1452.9 ± 808.6 µg/dL in the supplemented group. After 24 h, the mean α-tocopherol concentration was 1650.6 ± 968.7 µg/dL in the control group (p > 0.05) and 2346.9 ± 1203.2 µg/dL in the supplemented group (p < 0.001), increasing the vitamin E supply to the newborn to 9.3 mg/day. Initially, 18 women in the supplemented group provided colostrum α-tocopherol contents below 4 mg/day; after supplementation only six continued to provide less than the recommended amount. Conclusion: Maternal vitamin E supplementation increases the supply of the vitamin to the infant by providing more than twice the Recommended Daily Intake.

Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação materna com vitamina E sobre a concentração de α-tocoferol no colostro e o fornecimento dessa para o recém-nascido. Método: O estudo clínico randomizado foi feito com 99 parturientes adultas e saudáveis, 39 alocadas no grupo controle e 60 no grupo suplementado. Após jejum noturno, foram coletados 5 mL de sangue e 2 mL de colostro das parturientes. Após a primeira coleta (leite 0 h), o grupo suplementado recebeu suplementação com 400 UI de vitamina E. Foi feita nova coleta de 2 mL de colostro, em ambos os grupos, 24 h após a suplementação (leite 24 h). As amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A quantidade de α-tocoferol fornecida pelo colostro foi considerada para uma ingestão diária de 396 mL de leite e comparada com a ingestão diária recomendada para crianças de 0 a 6 meses (4 mg/dia). Resultados: A concentração média inicial de α-tocoferol no colostro foi de 1.509,3 ± 793,7 µg/dL no grupo controle e 1.452,9 ± 808,6 µg/dL no grupo suplementado. Após 24 horas a concentração média de α-tocoferol no grupo controle foi de 1.650,6 ± 968,7 µg/dL (p > 0,05) e de 2.346,9 ± 1203,2 µg/dL (p < 0,001) no grupo suplementado. Aumentou-se assim a oferta de vitamina E para o recém-nascido para 9,3 mg/dia. Inicialmente 18 mulheres do grupo suplementado forneciam valores inferiores a 4 mg/dia de α-tocoferol em seu colostro, após suplementação apenas seis continuaram a fornecer quantidade inferior ao recomendado. Conclusão: A suplementação materna com vitamina E promove o aumento do fornecimento da vitamina para o recém-nascido e fornece mais do que o dobro da ingestão diária recomendada.

Effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin E on the concentration of α-tocopherol in colostrum.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin E on the concentration of α-tocopherol in colostrum and its supply to the newborn. METHOD: This randomized clinical trial enrolled 99 healthy adult pregnant women; of these, 39 were assigned to the control group and 60 to the supplemented group. After an overnight fast, 5mL of blood and 2mL of colostrum were collected. After the first sampling (0h milk), the supplemented group received 400IU of supplementary vitamin E. Another 2mL milk aliquot was collected in both groups 24h after supplementation (24h milk). The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The α-tocopherol content provided by colostrum was calculated by considering a daily intake of 396mL of milk and comparing the resulting value to the recommended daily intake for infants aged 0-6 months (4mg/day). RESULTS: The initial mean concentration of α-tocopherol in colostrum was 1509.3±793.7µg/dL in the control group and 1452.9±808.6µg/dL in the supplemented group. After 24h, the mean α-tocopherol concentration was 1650.6±968.7µg/dL in the control group (p>0.05) and 2346.9±1203.2µg/dL in the supplemented group (p<0.001), increasing the vitamin E supply to the newborn to 9.3mg/day. Initially, 18 women in the supplemented group provided colostrum α-tocopherol contents below 4mg/day; after supplementation only six continued to provide less than the recommended amount. CONCLUSION: Maternal vitamin E supplementation increases the supply of the vitamin to the infant by providing more than twice the Recommended Daily Intake.

Alpha-tocopherol concentration in serum and colostrum of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the levels of α-tocopherol in colostrum and in the serum of healthy and diabetic mothers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 51 volunteer mothers, 20 with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and 31 without associated diseases. Serum and colostrum samples were collected in fasting in the immediate postpartum period and α-tocopherol was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to define the nutritional status of vitamin E, the cutoff point for the serum (697.7µg/dL) was adopted. Student's t-test for independent variables compared the average concentrations of α-tocopherol in the serum and in the colostrum between control and gestational diabetes mellitus groups. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between the concentration of α-tocopherol in serum and colostrum for both groups. Differences were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: The α-tocopherol concentration in colostrum was 1,483.1±533.8µg/dL for Control Group and 1,368.8±681.8µg/dL for diabetic women, without differences between groups (p=0.50). However, α-tocopherol concentration in the serum was 1,059.5±372.7µg/dL in the Control Group and 1,391.4±531.5µg/dL in the diabetic one (p<0.01). No correlation was found between the concentration of α-tocopherol in the serum and in the colostrum for control and diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS: The groups had adequate nutritional status of vitamin E. Gestational diabetes was not associated with changes in α-tocopherol concentration in colostrum.

Alpha-tocopherol concentration in serum and colostrum of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus / Concentración de ?-tocoferol en el suero y calostro de madres con diabetes mellitus gestacional / Concentração de ?-tocoferol no soro e colostro de mães com diabetes melito gestacional

To evaluate and compare the levels of α-tocopherol in colostrum and in the serum of healthy and diabetic mothers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 51 volunteer mothers, 20 with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and 31 without associated diseases. Serum and colostrum samples were collected in fasting in the immediate postpartum period and α-tocopherol was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to define the nutritional status of vitamin E, the cutoff point for the serum (697.7µg/dL) was adopted. Student's t-test for independent variables compared the average concentrations of α-tocopherol in the serum and in the colostrum between control and gestational diabetes mellitus groups. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between the concentration of α-tocopherol in serum and colostrum for both groups. Differences were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: The α-tocopherol concentration in colostrum was 1,483.1±533.8µg/dL for Control Group and 1,368.8±681.8µg/dL for diabetic women, without differences between groups (p=0.50). However, α-tocopherol concentration in the serum was 1,059.5±372.7µg/dL in the Control Group and 1,391.4±531.5µg/dL in the diabetic one (p<0.01). No correlation was found between the concentration of α-tocopherol in the serum and in the colostrum for control and diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS: The groups had adequate nutritional status of vitamin E. Gestational diabetes was not associated with changes in α-tocopherol concentration in colostrum...

Evaluar y comparar la concentración de α-tocoferol en la leche calostro y en el suero de madres diabéticas y sanas. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, realizado con 51 parturientes voluntarias, siendo 20 diagnosticadas con diabetes mellitus gestacional y 31 sin cualquier enfermedad asociada. Se recogieron las muestras de suero y de calostro en ayuno en el postparto inmediato y se analizó el α-tocoferol por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia (CLAE). Para definir el estado nutricional de vitamina E, se adoptó el punto de corte sérico (697,7µg/dL). El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba t de Student para variables independientes a fin de comparar las concentraciones medianas de α-tocoferol en el suero entre los grupos control y con diabetes mellitus gestacional. Ese análisis también fue realizado para comparar los promedios de α-tocoferol en el calostro en los grupos estudiados. Se utilizó la correlación de Pearson para evaluar la relación entre la concentración de α-tocoferol en el suero y en el calostro para ambos grupos. Las diferencias fueron consideradas significativas cuando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Las concentraciones de α-tocoferol en el calostro fueron 1.483,1±533,8µg/dL para las mujeres del Grupo Control y 1.368,8±681,8µg/dL para las diabéticas, no habiendo diferencias (p=0,50). Sin embargo, en el suero de las puérperas control, la concentración de α-tocoferol fue 1.059,5±72,7µg/dL y, en las diabéticas, 1.391,4±531,5µg/dL, con p<0,01). No hubo correlación entre la concentración de α-tocoferol en el suero y en el calostro para el Grupo Control. Resultado semejante fue encontrado para el grupo con diabetes mellitus gestacional. CONCLUSIONES: Los grupos presentaron estado nutricional adecuado respecto...

Avaliar e comparar a concentração de α-tocoferol no leite colostro e no soro de mães diabéticas e saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado com 51 parturientes voluntárias, sendo 20 diagnosticadas com diabetes melito gestacional e 31 sem nenhuma doença associada. Coletaram-se as amostras de soro e de colostro em jejum no pós-parto imediato e o α-tocoferol foi analisado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Para definir o estado nutricional de vitamina E, adotou-se ponto de corte sérico (697,7µg/dL). O teste t de Student para variáveis independentes comparou as concentrações médias de α-tocoferol no soro e no colostro entre os grupos controle e com diabetes melito gestacional. A correlação de Pearson testou a relação entre a concentração de α-tocoferol no soro e no colostro para ambos os grupos. As diferenças foram consideradas significantes quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: As concentrações de α-tocoferol no colostro foram 1.483,1±533,8µg/dL para as mulheres do Grupo Controle e 1.368,8±681,8µg/dL para as diabéticas, não havendo diferenças (p=0,50). Entretanto, no soro das puérperas controle, a concentração de α-tocoferol foi 1.059,5±372,7µg/dL e, nas diabéticas, 1.391,4±531,5µg/dL, com p<0,01. Não houve correlação entre a concentração de α-tocoferol no soro e no colostro para o Grupo Controle. Resultado semelhante foi encontrado para o grupo com diabetes melito gestacional. CONCLUSÕES: Os grupos apresentaram estado nutricional adequado quanto à vitamina E. Não houve associação entre diabetes melito gestacional e mudanças na concentração de α-tocoferol no colostro...

Vitamina E no soro e colostro materno e o requerimento nutricional do lactente / Vitamin E in serum and colostrum and nutritional requirements of the infant

Avaliar a concentração de alfa-tocoferol (a-TOH) no soro e colostro materno, além de verificar se o colostro supre a quantidade recomendada de vitamina E para o recém-nascido. Participaram do estudo 67 mulheres saudáveis que tiveram concepto único, sem malformações. Foram coletados 5 mL de sangue e 2 mL de colostro para determinação das concentrações de a-TOH e as análises foram realizadas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Valores de a-TOH no soro inferiores 499,6 µg/dL foram consideradas como deficientes. O cálculo do consumo diário para a-TOH foi baseado na ingestão diária de 500 mL de colostro pelo recém-nascido. A concentração obtida foi comparada com o requerimento nutricional para crianças de 0 a 6 meses de idade, 4 mg/dia. As concentrações de a-TOH no soro e colostro foram, respectivamente, de 1.016,4 ± 350 µg/dL e 1.518,1 ± 915 µg/dL. No estudo 5,9% das parturientes estavam deficientes para a-TOH, não sendo encontrada correlação entre a concentração de a-TOH no soro com o colostro (p=0,746). Com base na concentração média de a-TOH encontrada no colostro e provável ingestão diária pelo neonato, estima-se que o mesmo forneceu 7,5 mg/dia, superando a ingestão recomendada. A maioria das mulheres apresentaram níveis normais de a-TOH sérico, não sendo encontrada correlação entre o alfa-tocoferol do soro e do colostro. Mesmo em parturientes com níveis séricos deficientes para a-TOH a concentração no colostro permaneceu semelhante das mulheres com níveis adequados. O colostro forneceu ao recém-nascido quantidade de a-TOH superior à recomendação nutricional para essa faixa etária...

Concentração de alfa-tocoferol em colostro humano e em fórmulas infantis e o atendimento ao requerimento nutricional do recém-nascido / Concentration of alpha-tocopherol in human colostrum and infant formulas and the compliance with the newborn nutritional requirement

Os teores de alfa-tocoferol foram determinados no colostro humano e nas fórmulas infantis, para verificar se estas amostras atendem ao requerimento nutricional do recém-nascido quanto à vitamina E. Foi realizado estudo por corte transversal em amostras de 82 lactantes. O colostro foi coletado em jejum imediatamente o pós-parto; e o alfa-tocoferol foi determinado pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência(CLAE). As fórmulas infantis foram coletadas em supermercados, selecionando-se quatro marcas (F1, F2,F3, F4) específicas para crianças de 0-6 meses, e as concentrações de alfa-tocoferol indicadas no rótulo. A concentração média de alfa-tocoferol no colostro foi de 1479 ± 807,7 μg/dL, que corresponde à oferta de 7,3 mg por dia; e nas fórmulas infantis foi de 810 ± 182,4 μg/dL, equivalente à oferta de 4,1 mg/dia.O leite de colostro forneceu 43 % de alfa-tocoferol a mais do que as fórmulas, e superior em 82 % em relação à recomendação para a faixa etária. A fórmula F3 forneceu apenas 68 % da recomendação diária de alfa-tocoferol e valores acima de 4mg/dia nas demais fórmulas. O colostro forneceu alfa-tocoferol em quantidade superior às fórmulas infantis, e nem todas as fórmulas dispõem alfa-tocoferol em quantidade superior ao recomendado para suprir as necessidades e formar reservas para recém-nascido.

This study compared the alpha-tocopherol contents in human colostrum and infant formulas, and thevitamin E requirements for newborns were assessed in the both samples. To perform this cross-sectionalstudy, the colostrums samples were collected from 82 lactating women, under fasting conditions, andimmediately after postpartum period. Alpha-tocopherol contents were determined by high performanceliquid chromatography (HPLC). Four brands of infant formula (F1, F2, F3, and F4), appropriate for childrenaged 0–6 months, were obtained from a supermarket. The mean alpha-tocopherol concentration in thecolostrum was 1479 ± 807.7 μg/dL, and in the formulas was 810 ± 182.4 μg/dL, which corresponded to theavailability of 7.3 mg/day and 4.1 mg/day, respectively. The alpha-tocopherol concentration in colostrumwas 43 % higher than that in infant formulas, and 82 % higher than those the age-related recommendedcontents. The F3 formula contained 68 % of the recommended daily dose of alpha-tocopherol only;and the other formulas showed concentrations of >4 mg/day. Therefore, the colostrum provides alphatocopherolin an amount higher than that found in infant formula, and not all of the formulas providedalpha-tocopherol in quantities higher than those recommended to meet the needs and to form alphatocopherolreserves for newborns.